Herbs for the Heart and Cardiovascular System
“It might look like I'm doing nothing, but at the cellular level I'm really quite busy.”~Unknown
If you haven't read my article on Tending Mother Ocean: Herbs for the Lymph, you might want to start there, as the heart and the lymph work so closely together. Or, alternately, you can just jump right in! In most cultures since ancient times, the heart has been viewed as connected to feelings, love, and intuition. We say things like, “Do you feel it in your heart?” or, “What does your heart say?” Personally, I don’t think we can separate the heart from its physiological and emotional aspects. I have seen broken hearts cause high blood pressure and heart disease. As herbalist Stephen Buhner says, the heart is an organ of perception and communication.
In turn, herbs are linked with the circulation of the planet’s oxygen and nutrient flow. Beautifully, plants “breathe” CO2 (our waste gas) and provide us with oxygen. We depend on each other. We are linked with plants in so many ways. Chlorophyll is chemically similar to red blood cells, specifically the heme, which is the oxygen-transporting part of hemoglobin. The difference is that red blood cells contain iron as their central atom, whereas chlorophyll contains magnesium. Chlorophyll allows plants to use the energy in sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen. This process, called photosynthesis, allows plants to create protein, fiber, and other necessities for their growth.
Now back to humans, and the heart of the matter…The cardiovascular system has many components. The heart is a hollow organ composed of four chambers. It initiates the circulation of the blood throughout the body. Unlike other muscles, the heart muscle contracts and expands without any direct stimulus from the nervous system. Amazingly, the heart has its own conduction system and is made of specialized muscle tissue that generates its own electrical impulses that cause it to beat. Blood vessels are a network of tubes that carry blood away from the heart. Larger arteries transport blood to the tissues through capillaries and then blood is carried back to the heart through veins. Arteries and veins have smooth muscle to help pump blood. Without this local contraction mechanism, the heart alone could not accomplish the monumental job of circulation. Because capillaries need to be porous, they have no smooth muscle surrounding them. Capillaries are permeable and this is where nutrients, gasses, and wastes are exchanged from the blood to the interstitial fluid and into the cells.
Because most cells in the human body are stationary, they are completely reliant on the blood and lymph to make sure they get what they need: “groceries” such as oxygen, glucose, vitamins, electrolytes, proteins, and hormones are delivered and, “trash”, such as CO2 and lactic acid, is taken away. Now comes the interesting part...The cells play a key role in feeding themselves. When a tissue’s metabolic needs are low (i.e. it is not being used much) only a small amount of blood ends up flowing to that area. When tissues become active, the whole network fills with blood. This is done through a chemical reaction caused by cell metabolites – the “trash”. This allows each cell to get what it needs by controlling its own blood supply. How cool is that?
Our modern lifestyle greatly affects our cardiovascular system. High stress without a physical outlet can cause high blood pressure. Reduced exercise decreases circulation and heart and pulmonary health. Below is a list of herbs that have specific healing effects on the cardiovascular system.
Caution: please be careful using herbs if someone is on heart medications or blood thinners. When using herbs for blood pressure, it is very helpful to check the blood pressure daily.
Herbal Actions:
Blood thinners are anticoagulant herbs that prevent blood clotting. They contain substances that contain coumarin, salicylate, or antiplatelet properties. There have been no documented case reports of herbal interactions with the medication warfarin, never the less, it is important to be careful.
Herbs: garlic, ginkgo, ginger, feverfew
Herbs with coumarin or coumarin derivatives: angelica root, arnica flower, anise, asafoetida, celery, chamomile, fenugreek, horse chestnut, licorice root, lovage root, parsley, passionflower herb, quassia, red clover, and rue, sweet clover
Herbs with salicylates: meadowsweet, poplar, willow bark
Herbs that have antiplatelet activity: bromelain, clove, onion, and turmeric
Cardiac Nervines: have a calming effect on the heart and cardiovascular system
Herbs: Passionflower, motherwort, linden, hawthorn
Cardiac Tonics support normal cardiac function. They can work on the cardiovascular system, or several other organs in the body that deal with fluid transport.
Cardiovascular: hawthorn, garlic, motherwort, yarrow, rosemary
Lungs: garlic, angelica, horseradish
Digestive: yarrow, angelica, motherwort, rosemary, garlic
Nervous system: motherwort, linden, passionflower
Reproductive: angelica, motherwort, dong quai, yarrow
Musculoskeletal: cayenne, prickly ash, mustard
Circulatory Stimulants cause vasodilatation. They can aid in bringing herbs and blood to certain areas of the body.
Herbs: cinnamon, garlic, linden
Herbs for surface circulation: Cayenne, Yarrow, Figwort
Herbs for core circulation: Ginger
Herbs for the extremities: Prickly Ash, Rosemary, Ginkgo
Diaphoretics promote sweating. They can be helpful for a fever, or for people that under-use their skin as an eliminatory organ (i.e. don’t sweat enough).
Herbs: yarrow, boneset, cayenne, elderflower, ginger, garlic, peppermint, thyme
Diuretics increase the flow of urine - they make you pee.
Herbs: burdock, cleavers, corn silk, couch grass, dandelion leaf, gravel root, juniper, nettles, parsley, goldenrod, stone root
Hemostats reduce or stop bleeding or hemorrhage.
Herbs: bayberry, cinnamon, cayenne, geranium, oak, shepherd’s purse, witch hazel, yarrow, bugleweed, goldenseal
Hypotensives help to lower blood pressure.
Herbs: cayenne, garlic (fresh), ginger, hawthorn, linden, motherwort
Rubefacients encourage circulation externally through vasodilatation. They can draw congestion from other areas of the body.
Herbs: Cayenne, ginger, garlic, cloves, nettles, horseradish, poplar, mustard, onion
Essential oils: ginger, clove, rosemary, peppermint
Vasodilators help to widen blood vessels. They often act by relaxing smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, in particular in the large veins, large arteries, and smaller arterioles.
Herbs: thyme, linden, horsetail, bayberry, mugwort, butterbur, prickly ash, cayenne, ginger, vinca, garlic, hawthorn, Asclepias tuberosa, passionflower
Other ways to increase circulation to certain parts of the body include massage, castor oil packs, exercise, sitz baths, hot and cold packs, steaming, moxibustion, and cupping.
Vasoconstrictors help to constrict blood vessels, which can increase blood pressure. Although we rarely think on these terms, low blood pressure is also a problem as it is can cause transport problems to the cells and fainting and dizziness.
Herbs: goldenseal, barberry, ma haung, prickly poppy, yarrow, licorice
Herbal Formulations:
Cardiac Support Tincture:
2 parts Hawthorn flowers and berries
1 part Motherwort
½ part Garlic
Use: as a basic tonic formula, Dosage: 40 drops 3 x a day
Relaxing Tea:
1 part Passionflower
1 part Linden flower
1 part Lemon Balm
½ part Spearmint
½ part Hibiscus
Use: relaxing and soothing to the cardiovascular system, Dosage: 1-3 cups throughout the day
Diaphoretic Tea/Bath: equal parts of each:
Yarrow
Ginger
Elder
Thyme
Make a tea with 4 tablespoons of herbs and 1-pint water. Let it steep for half an hour and strain well. Add it to a hot bath and soak for 20 minutes. It may also be drunk as tea. Be careful when exiting the tub.
© Elaine Sheff, Clinical Herbalist, RH (AHG)
Resources:
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/activity.html
Potential Interactions Between Alternative Therapies and Warfarin, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406896_2